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Low sperm concentration(normal is greater than 20 million sperm per milliliter and more than 80 million sperm in one ejaculation) |
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Duct obstruction |
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Less or more semen volumes (the typical volume of semen is 2- |
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Less than 50% of sperms moving vigorously (motility) |
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Less than 40% normal appearance |
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Size and shape of sperm cells (morphology analysis) |
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Sperm antibodies (immune reaction in approximately 10% of infertile men) |
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Ovulation disorders |
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Blocked fallopian tubes disease |
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Pelvic inflammatory disease |
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Sexually transmitted diseases |
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Recurrent pregnancy loss |
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Uterine fibroids |
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Endometriosis |
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Abnormal vaginal discharge |
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Problems with their cervical mucus |
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Long time using contraception pills |
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Hyperprolactinemia (over 30 ug/L) |
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Hyperandrogenemia |
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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome |
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Uterine structural abnormalities |
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Health problems that cause hormonal changes |
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Sperm antibodies (immune reaction in less than 5% of infertile women) |
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Chronic anovulation |
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Oligo- |
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Adult- |
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Androgen- |
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Age |
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Poor diet |
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Tobacco smoking |
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Alcohol abuse |
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Drugs abuse |
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Stress |
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Obesity |
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Underweight |
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Radiation treatment and chemotherapy for cancer |
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Medicines side effect |
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Illness: Certain diseases such as Mumps, Diabetes, Heart attack, Cushing’s syndrome, and severe injury may affect male fertility. Thyroid problems, Cushing’s syndrome, Kidney disease, and Diabetes may affect female fertility. |
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Exposure to toxins, such as pesticides, lead, and chemicals (male factor) |
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Testicular exposure to overheating (male factor) |
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Diagnostic laparoscopy |
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Estrogen tests |
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FSH test |
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PCT(Post- |
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HSG (Hysterosalpingogram) |
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LH (Luteinizing Hormone) test |
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Progesterone test |
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Saline infusion sonohysteroraphy (SHG) |
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Testosterone test |
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Semen analysis test |
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Oral medication |
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Gonadotropin therapy to correct ovulation dysfunction |
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Reproductive surgery |
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Intrauterine insemination (IUI) to perform in couples with mild abnormal semen analysis |
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Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART), such as In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) |

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Certified Fellow of the American Board of Oriental Reproductive Medicine |
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Licensed Acupuncturist |
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National Taiwan University Master Degree |
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Embryologist in Infertility Center, Yuan General Hospital, Taiwan |
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Herbs Researcher in Sun Ten Pharmaceutical Co., Taiwan |
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Acupuncturist in Wu’s Oriental Medical Clinic, Taiwan |
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Member of the American Association of Oriental Medicine (AAOM) |
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Professional Member of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM)
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